Actually Kieron, there is no need to identify yourself as a student. The question you ask has identified you, not only as a student, but specifically as a student in the HNC electrical engineering course. No one, other than a student of that course, ever asks that question.
Except for 'modular PLC', those terms are not in general use among real-world users of PLCs. The reasons for the existence of different sizes/shapes/packaging styles of PLC are primarily commercial rather than technical.
There are numerous posts in the archives here with answers to your question. Be careful though, some of the answers are bogus!