So it is "approximately"
5 x interface signals to Micro PLCs for conveyors, 4 outputs + 2 inputs each.
3 x interface signals to some Micro PLCs for "index units"
1 x interface to "welders" (how many analog or digital ?)
"some" x positional sensors (how many analog or digital ?)
4 VFD drives on Profibus.
It is not at all clear to me how many i/o we are talking about.
If this is supposed to be one integrated system, I would try to eliminate all the small micro PLCs sitting around.
And since you are going Profibus already, you should consider to place distributed i/o blocks locally where they are needed.
A 315-2DP sounds as the obvious minimal CPU choice.
You probably also must think about what HMI, and if you decide upon a locally placed panel, then you can connect it via the MPI port, leaving the DP port to handle only the DP slaves.
If on the other hand you need a HMI in a remote location, say in an office away from the control room, or you need many HMI's, then you should consider a 315-2PN/DP because of the ethernet port.