In RSLogix500, on the main menu bar, go to Tools > Options > and look at the "Project Files Search Path".
Next, open a windows explorer and browse to that path.
Now, shut down RSLogix500 for a second.
Look at all the files there and find all those with the same name as the one you're using, and/or the same name you are seeing when online with no comments/symbols.
Double click on the file you think is the correct one. RSLogix500 will open the file. If it contains all the comments and symbols and page titles, then you have found the correct file. If it doesn't but contains an empty database, then move it to another location, or delete it, and try again.
Now once you have located the "good" file, move all the other files to some other temorary location on the hard drive, somewhere that is not in the default path that RSLogix500 uses.
Now, you should be able to go online with that file and have all your comments available.
BUTT, (Big but), if the checksum doesn't match, then you're going to get the 'No matching file found' dialog box.
At that point, you should look at the bottom of that window and locate your "good" file, then click the button that's labeled "Upload Using File". DON'T click on the button that says create new file, or you'll end up with another one with the empty database. If you do that by mistake, then be sure NOT to save it...
Once you get online, and get all your comments to display, SAVE THE FILE. Then in the future, when you open that file and go online, RSLogix500 "should" go online immediately with that (now correct) file with the matching processor name and matching checksum.
One other possibility is that you have comments and symbols turned off in your ladder options, but that would affect the file whether you are offline or online...