I dont think that the actual sourcecode to the MPI protocol itself can be found in Libnodave, or any of the 3rd party S7 comms libraries.
They all communicate via MPI by going via an adapter. It is the communication to the adapter that Libnodave and the 3rd party comms libraries covers.
Apart from that, I think that it will be somewhat a waste of time to study MPI.
In stead look intocommunicating with S7 via ethernet which is also in Libnodave. And this is directly to the S7 CPU or CP without the need for an adapter.