The "almost" part must be calling it "Stand-alone" instead of "unitary"
I do feel sorry for you, Rob, in having to do this somewhat rediculous assignment, because you don't have enough experience to understand just how rediculous it is.
The search that Steve mentioned may (or may not - there are a few somewhat misleading answers in the archives) get you an understanding of the answer to (a).
THIS LINK could get you an answer to (d) - or it may not. That is a list of ALL manufacturers; what you proably want/need is a list of the most popular. And you, as a student have no way of knowing if "ControlLogix" is a manufacturer, a PLC brand, or programming software. So just looking through the site may or may not be enough.
Cost is something that will be very hard to look up, as most manufactuers do not post their prices on the web. You'll need to contact your local distributors to get those numbers, and since there's no sale in it for them, they may be less than willing to help you out.
This will be even more difficult because you don't know how "powerful" a PLC you need. It'a like asking you to price a "car (with and without automatic transmission)". Is it fair to compare a Yugo with a Ferrarri?
The "stand-alone" (usually referred to as "fixed I/O") type are pretty simplistic processors. If you need more 'horsepower', you then get a "rack-mounted" type, with no dedicated I/O, and you add as much as you need (discrete as well as analog). So how many I/O points are you pricing? The same as you have in the "fixed I/O" type, to keep you comparison the same? (or close, anyway. One "fixed" I know of comes with 12 Inputs - a typical Input module for a rack comes with 16 inputs).
Questions (b) and (e) would require that you actually use the programming software to understand what is meant here. There's much debate about whether this or that feature offered by a manufacuter is an "advantage", a "disadvantage", or merely a "sales pitch".
You won't find any listing on any manufactuer's web site, which will list the features that they support in any kind of way that you can compare them with any other manufacturer.
Could I do your assignment for you? I could, but you would have learned nothing, so I won't. I suggest that you go back to your instructor and ask for a better defined assignment. One that has some chance of being completed, without having to first become a professional PLC programmer.