Exercise #4 --- Detecting When 1 Compressor is not Enough
When the plant's requirement for air closely matches the maximum volume that can be supplied by a single compressor, our current control solution simply falls apart. It's possible that this single compressor could run for hours without ever being noticed, nor obtaining any down time in which to cool. How long one of these compressors might be allowed to run continuously would normally be specified by the manufacturer, but for our purposes we will just ensure that excessive run-on can simply not occur.
When attempting a solution for this run-on problem, a couple of ideas may come to mind. If a single compressor runs beyond the time that would normally suffice to attain full pressure at 50% or 60% flow, the idle compressor could be started to assist in the effort. A second method might be to track the time it takes for the pressure tank to drop from it's maximum to minimum settings, and from this determine beforehand whether 1 or 2 compressors need to be employed.
If given some thought, you may detect minor faults with either of the above methods. The first method could permit repeated short cycling of the back up compressor when operating at certain continuous flow rates. The second method attempts to anticipate load demand, but may not accommodate rapid changes in plant air utilization. It may be that your solution should combine both methods, or possibly a new one not even discussed. Your goal should be to analyze the system and come up with the best solution possible using the available equipment.
Modify your program so that continuous run-on of a single compressor will not occur. Your solution should continue to alternate between compressors when plant flow rates are typically 50% to 60% or lower. In addition, try to equalize wear on each compressor, and avoid short cycling as much as practically possible.
Continue to utilize PE2 to detect if the system pressure descends below the prescribed minimum, but feel free to tune or adjust both this pressure switch and any timing mechanisms employed in order to attain the best possible performance.
In order to monitor how well your system is working, provide a means to display the accumulated run-time for each compressor. Utilize both the panel mounted selector switch, and LEDs for this purpose.
Once you have your program tuned to perfection, you should have a good grounding in the basics of controlling many types of similar systems. It's fairly common to find fans, or pumps etc. being controlled in a similar fashion, and the techniques you've developed here should closely apply.