There is just way too much to cover under the broad topic you listed. You will have to be more specific to get help. You might as well ask how to build a neclear reactor You have to get into the program and start digging in and finding specific questions about what you want to do.
What I would suggest is that you purchase some software, it comes with a book to help, and also the software can convert from statement to ladder and control system flow chart, you will need to know some tricks to do this, but it’s all in the learning curve. By or build a trainer, the S5 I/O simulator is very good