Your "Module Profiles" folder is effectively empty. The most important folder that should be there before any MPs are installed is the "Core" folder. This contains the MP Core files. Your Studio 5000 v24 installation package, for some reason, is not successfully installing the MP Core. Without this none of the MPs can be added. This is why your downloaded AOP for the Ethernet modules is showing blank. This is why your module selection is effectively empty. You have no MPs installed.
When the installation begins you will indeed see the "Initializing Module Profiles" during the initial setup. It takes some time because there are a lot to be unpacked and prepared for the installation.
After that initial setup, when you are selecting the components and tools to be installed, and Logix Designer is checked, you will notice that "Module Profiles" is also checked and cannot be unchecked. This is because they are installed by default and are not optional. So it should not be the case that you are installing Studio 5000 and forgetting to check "Module Profiles" at that step. It should attempt to install them automatically.
Here you can see that with Logix Designer checked (v28.00 in this example), Module Profiles is also checked by default...
What is happening after that I am not sure? But looking at your folder contents it is not installing anything MP related? Do you watch the entire installation as closely as you can? Are you certain there are no messages displayed during the installation that you may have missed? One that shows temporarily and then moves on?
So you know...
The installation files for the MP you are looking for, and many, many other stock MPs, are located within your installation media, or should be. This is because each version of RSLogix 5000 / Studio 5000 preloads a set of MPs at certain versions. Newer versions of software will progressively install newer MP versions that are available at the time of the software's release. To view a list of all MPs installed with each version of RSLogix 5000 / Studio 5000, have a look here...
54564 - RSLogix5000 Module Profiles installed by default
Access Level: TechConnect
If you can, and have bothered to look, you may notice that Studio 5000 v24 installs MP v10 for the Ethernet modules...
Example:
Rockwell Automation, Inc.-1st Party 1756-EN2T (10.00.3664.0)
Whereas Studio 5000 v28 installs MP v14...
Example:
Rockwell Automation, Inc.-1st Party 1756-EN2T (14.00.4058.0)
Back to the issue...
I'm not sure exactly what is going wrong with your installation when you launch it via "Setup.exe", but you can optionally attempt to install the MP Core separately.
Go to...
<Your installation media>\24.00.00-Studio5000\LogixDesigner\MP\Install
...and run...
MPSetup.msi
If that folder or file is missing then I would suspect you have incomplete installation media. It would not be the first time that installation files were missing from a Rockwell download. Make sure that not only do you have the "MP\Install" folder above, but also that within the "MP" folder itself you see a "Core" folder and multiple MP folders...
Regards,
George