OK, I'm confused.
If you want to run a pot to your analog input, just use Ohm's Law. This assumes 4-20 mA I/O. For 24 VDC, assuming a 250 Ohm input impedence, you can use a fixed 1 kOhm or (950 Ohm if you can get it) resistor in series with the pot to limit max current to .020 Amps (24 / (1000+250) = 19.2 mA which is usually close enough. If not you could boost your power supply adjustment a little to 25 VDC). Then a 5 kOhm pot in series gets you down to around 4 mA. (24 / (5000 + 1000 + 250) = 3.84 mA)
If you are looking for voltage I/O, again go to Ohm's Law and your excitation voltage. Remember a potentiometer is really a three wire device, with the reading from the wiper to the legs a ratio of position.
You threw me with wanting to run the analog output through the potentiometer. What is that all about? No matter what you do the input will read the output directly.