May not be a lot of help to you, but a couple of jobs ago I worked with a system that had a Windows PC running a custom program developed using LabWindows (from National Instruments, basically a C version of LabView). The program connected to a bench-top o-scope via GPIB. It grabbed the trace and stored it locally, then generated a report on the network. There are other free applications (like AdvancedHMI) that could then grab that data and write it to the PLC if you wanted. I don't remember its sample rate, but we used it to test BLDC motors running at a moderate speed, so it was pretty fast. As I think about it, it was probably the o-scope itself that saved the data that was then read out via GPIB. Getting μs samples will be challenging for normal industrial control devices,but you could look at National Instruments' offerings. I know they have DAQ modules that may do what you want.