You use math..ie if one revolution is 360 counts than 1 degree will be 1 count. If one revolution is 1000 counts than 1 degree would be equal to 1000/360 approximately 2.78 degrees.
Most HSC type modules or on board counters can be set up to count in different ways, the most common being called quadrature.
The most common setup being an encoder with A & B channels 90 deg out of phase and the HSC counting rising and falling edges of both channels. BUT they can also be set up to count only A rising edges, or anly A & B rising edges or for other modes like step & direction inputs.
For instance, I used a 250 pulses / rev encoder in quadrature mode to get 1000 counts / rev.
Hopefully, you can just zero your counter, turn your shaft one turn and look at the counter to check your scaling.